Control and Command basics

Situate its maintenance actions in the Control and Command organisation of an electrical substation:
• Describe the distribution diagram of the Control and Telecommunication continuum with the batteries and chargers and the distribution of polarities,
• Explain how a low-voltage unit is organised in the Relay Building,
• Explain the exchanges between the Industrial Building and the Relaying Building,
• Identify the BI's DC equipment and their functions,
• Explain the operation of the General Section, the PI, the PMP and the links with the status recorder and Remote Control,
• Put a line feeder into operation,
• Load the wiring on the voltage circuits (Determine the appropriate measuring equipment to avoid disturbing the measurement),
• Load the wiring on current circuits (Determine the appropriate measuring equipment set-up so as not to interfere with the measurement),
• Identify the phase and direction of currents,
• Carry out tests prior to taking the load,
• Carry out the substation balance.

Be able to explain the electrotechnical behaviour of a healthy network and a faulty network:
• Differentiate between the electrotechnical properties of an unloaded line and a loaded line,
• Distinguish between the different types of fault and their main characteristics,
• Draw vector diagrams and simplified modelling of a single-phase fault,
• Draw vector diagrams and simplified modelling of a two-phase fault,
• Draw vector diagrams and simplified modelling of a three-phase fault.

Be able to predict the operation of different overhead line protections and test their operation:
• Describe the role and test the operation of a main and back-up impedance-metered protection,
• Describe the role of differential line protection,
• Describe the role of the various Teleaction functions used on short and long lines,
• Describe the operation of a wattmetric protection,
• Describe the operation of passive antenna protection.

Be able to describe the operation of other protections and automatic controllers:
• Describe the operation of a cable earth protection,
• Describe the operation of a Primary Transformer Protection,
• Describe the operation of a Primary Transformer Back-up Protection,
• Describe the operating principle of voltage regulation.

Be able to describe the operation of a busbar protection:
• Describe the operating principle of the busbar release protection,
• Describe the operating principle of the busbar differential protection,
• Explain how the automatic circuit-breaker failure device works and test its operation.

Apply the principles of service restoration:
• Distinguish between the different cases of automatic power-up,
• Explain the main and additional functions of the automatic service restoration system,
• Draw the ATRS operating chronograms according to the type of fault and reproduce them on the model.

Carry out a maintenance operation on an LV unit in complete safety, while ensuring the safety of the electrical system:
• Draw up a work preparation based on a framework, diagrams and adjustment sheets for a maintenance operation, showing the risk analysis and stopping points,
• Carry out functional maintenance on a distance protection device using the maintenance guide (Automatic distance protection calibration), the adjustment sheet and the diagram, and report back to the instructors,
• Carry out a wire fault search on a LV unit at the fictitious substation, using diagram reading.